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# MOBATIME Swiss Time Systems: MOBATIME is the leading brand for innovative time display, time-distribution and time reference systems. Equipments and components are developed, manufactured and promoted by Moser-Baer Ltd., Switzerland. 

## Sitemaps
[XML Sitemap](https://www.mobatime.com/sitemap_index.xml): Includes all crawlable and indexable pages.

## Posts
- [Reliable Time in Healthcare Environments](https://www.mobatime.com/products/reliable-time-in-healthcare-in-spain/): In healthcare, every second counts. Clear, synchronized time helps hospitals improve coordination, support clinical workflows and maintain operational efficiency across critical and everyday environments.
- [MOBATIME at InnoTrans | 22–25.09.2026 in Berlin, Germany](https://www.mobatime.com/events/innotrans-berlin-2026/): MOBATIME will be exhibiting at InnoTrans 2026, taking place from 22–25 September 2026 in Berlin, Germany. Visit us at Booth 830 to discover our trusted timing solutions designed to enhance the safety, efficiency and reliability of modern rail and transportation networks.
- [MOBATIME at CIGRE Paris | 23–28.08.2026 in Paris, France](https://www.mobatime.com/events/cigre-paris-2026/): MOBATIME will be exhibiting at CIGRE Paris 2026, taking place from 23–28 August 2026 in Paris, France. Visit us at Booth A245 to discover how precise time synchronisation and reliable time display solutions support stable, secure and resilient power and grid infrastructures.
- [IRNSS/NavIC L5 support for DTS 4150 and DTS 4160 grandmasters](https://www.mobatime.com/products/irnss-navic-l5-support/): MOBATIME expands the GNSS reception options for selected grandmasters. With IRNSS/NavIC L5 support, the DTS 4150.grandmaster and DTS 4160.grandmaster provide an additional regional satellite navigation option for professional time synchronization projects in India and neighbouring regions.
- [The Cyber Resilience Act (CRA)](https://www.mobatime.com/company/cyber-resilience-act/): The Cyber Resilience Act introduces new EU cybersecurity requirements for products with digital components. MOBATIME will use its Security news channel to share relevant cybersecurity information and guide customers on reporting security-related issues.
- [MOBATIME at Asia Pacific Rail | 06-07.05.26 in Bangkok, Thailand](https://www.mobatime.com/events/asia-pacific-rail-bangkok-2026/): MOBATIME will be present at Asia Pacific Rail 2026 in Bangkok on 06–07.05.2026. Join us to explore dependable time synchronisation solutions designed to enhance efficiency, safety and performance across modern railway systems and critical infrastructure environments.
- [MOBATIME at FIDAE | 07-12.04.26 in Santiago de Chile](https://www.mobatime.com/events/fidae-2026/): FIDAE 2026 is one of Latin America’s leading aerospace and defence exhibitions, bringing together international stakeholders from defence, aviation, and security. MOBATIME will be present to discuss reliable time synchronisation for critical infrastructure.
- [MOBATIME Completes Successful FAT for Egypt’s High-Speed Rail Project](https://www.mobatime.com/projects/fat-for-egypt-hsr-project/): MOBATIME successfully completes the Factory Acceptance Test (FAT) for the Egypt High-Speed Rail project, validating the performance of its time synchronization system featuring DTS 4150.grandmaster and DTS 4135.timeserver units. The test marks a major step forward in delivering precise and reliable time synchronization for Egypt’s modern railway infrastructure.
- [MOBATIME at Intersec Dubai 2026 – A Look back on a great start to 2026](https://www.mobatime.com/events/mobatime-intersec-dubai-2026/): Intersec Dubai 2026 brought strong conversations, valuable connections and the launch of the new DTS 4163.grandmaster for critical infrastructure and secure time synchronization.
- [Successful FAT for NSCR Philippines – Master Clock & Time Server System](https://www.mobatime.com/projects/fat-for-nscr-philippines/): In August 2025, stakeholders successfully completed the FAT of the Master Clock & Time Server System for the NSCR Project in the Philippines at MOBATIME, Switzerland. The tests confirmed the system’s readiness to deliver precise, reliable, and redundant time synchronization across the railway network.
- [Daylight Saving Time Explained: What It Is & How to Remember the Change](https://www.mobatime.com/technology/daylight-saving-time-explained/): Daylight Saving Time Explained: Why clocks change, easy memory aids and how automated clock systems simplify every seasonal time adjustment.
- [Successful FAT for Sarawak Metro KUTS Malaysia](https://www.mobatime.com/projects/fat-sarawak-metro-kuts-malaysia/): In July 2025, Sarawak Metro stakeholders successfully completed the Factory Acceptance Test (FAT) of the Master Clock System at MOBATIME in Switzerland. This milestone confirms the system’s readiness to ensure reliable time synchronization for Malaysia’s first Autonomous Rapid Transit (ART) network under KUTS Phase 1.
- [GPS Week Number Rollover 2025 – Ensuring Reliable System Synchronization](https://www.mobatime.com/products/gps-week-number-rollover-2025/): Every ~19.6 years, GPS receivers experience a week counter reset, known as the GPS week number rollover. This is due to the limited counter size used in GPS signals, which resets after 1024 weeks. While this event is rare, it can have an impact on devices that rely on GPS for accurate date and time synchronization. In September 2025 and December 2025, the next rollovers will occur. Some MOBATIME devices are affected. We are sharing this information to ensure you remain fully prepared and can take the necessary steps well in advance.
- [Why It Is Important to Be Ready for Digitalization While Still Supporting Legacy Technology](https://www.mobatime.com/technology/digitalization-in-substations/): As substations undergo digital transformation, utilities must modernize without abandoning existing infrastructure. This article explores how aligning your time synchronization strategy with IEC 61850 standards and Ethernet-based protocols like PTP ensures precision, resilience, and long-term compatibility. Learn why hybrid solutions—supporting both digital and legacy systems—are essential for seamless integration, improved operational efficiency, and a future-proof substation architecture.
- [PRP vs. HSR: Choosing the Right Redundancy Protocol for Your Substation Network](https://www.mobatime.com/products/prp-vs-hsr/): Learn the difference between PRP and HSR redundancy protocols and how DTS 4163.grandmaster ensures high availability in modern substation networks.
- [The all new Mobatime DTS 4163.grandmaster | High-Precision PTP Time Server for Digital Substations and Power Utilities](https://www.mobatime.com/products/new-mobatime-dts-4163-grandmaster/): The DTS 4163.grandmaster is a next-generation PTP Grandmaster Clock, purpose-built for the demanding synchronization requirements of IEC 61850-based digital substations and critical power infrastructure. Engineered for utility-grade reliability, the DTS 4163 provides nanosecond time accuracy, full support for all key PTP power profiles, and secure redundancy options — making it an ideal cornerstone for modern substation automation systems (SAS) and smart grid deployments.
- [Mobatime MTC | End-of-Support & Transition to DTS Portfolio](https://www.mobatime.com/products/mobatime-mtc-end-of-support/): Support for the Mobatime MTC ends in June 2025. Discover our DTS portfolio offering enhanced performance, flexibility, and secure timekeeping.
- [7 Reasons Why Investing in State-of-the-Art Time Synchronization is Essential](https://www.mobatime.com/technology/7-reasons-for-time-synchronization/): Time synchronization is critical for efficiency, security, and compliance. Learn 7 reasons why precision timing prevents downtime & cyber threats.
- [Holiday Season Support: We Are Your Partner in Time!](https://www.mobatime.com/company/holiday-season-support-2024/): MOBATIME is here to support you this holiday season! Count on us for reliable project and system assistance, with daily email monitoring (except holidays and weekends). Contact us at support@mobatime.com and step into 2025 with confidence!
- [MOBATIME at the Intersec 2025 in Dubai | Visit us at Booth H2, F30](https://www.mobatime.com/events/visit-mobatime-at-the-intersec-2025-in-dubai-at-booth-h2-f30/): News & MediaMOBATIME at the Intersec 2025 in Dubai | Visit us at Booth H2, F30
- [Successful Completion of Factory Acceptance Test (FAT) – Delhi Metro Phase IV](https://www.mobatime.com/projects/factory-acceptance-test-fat-delhi-metro/): The Delhi Metro Phase IV project is a vital expansion designed to provide last-mile connectivity to new housing hubs across the National Capital Region (NCR).
- [Successful Completion of Factory Acceptance Test (FAT) – Pune Metro Line III](https://www.mobatime.com/projects/factory-acceptance-test-pune-metro-line/): The Pune Metro Line III project is a landmark development in India’s urban transportation landscape.
- [A look back at InnoTrans 2024](https://www.mobatime.com/events/review-innotrans-2024/): InnoTrans 2024 in Berlin once again cemented its position as the leading global exhibition for transport technology.
- [Winter Time 2024: Navigating the Time Change](https://www.mobatime.com/technology/winter-time-change-2024/): 👁️ Prepare for the Winter Time 2024 Change with our comprehensive guide. Learn how the seasonal clock adjustment impacts you and how to adapt seamlessly.
- [No longer support for V1 DTS devices](https://www.mobatime.com/products/no-support-v1/): Devices of the Hardware Generation V1 are not anymore supported with Firmware updates and we do not recommend these devices to be used in critical infrastructure anymore.
- [Efficient time management solutions for railway transport](https://www.mobatime.com/technology/rail-transportation/): Punctuality and precision are crucial for smooth rail transport operations. With the increasing complexity and growing demand for intermodality...
- [INNOTRANS 2024](https://www.mobatime.com/events/innotrans-2024/): From 24. September to 27 September 2024 – we will be at the largest exhibition for rail transport, InnoTrans 2024.
- [Time Synchronization in the Energy Industry](https://www.mobatime.com/technology/time-sync-in-energy-industry/): Time synchronization in the electrical power systems market refers to the precise alignment of clocks and timing devices...
- [Icon of the Seas – Equipped with MOBATIME products](https://www.mobatime.com/products/icon-of-the-seas-case-study/): Icon of the Seas, one of the world's largest passenger ships, sought to upgrade its time display system to ensure precise synchronization across all vessel areas...
- [Why did RENFE choose an NTP solution?](https://www.mobatime.com/projects/renfe-solution-ntp/): RENFE (Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles) refers to the National Network of Spanish Railways...
- [Importance of time synchronization in healthcare facilities](https://www.mobatime.com/technology/time-sync-healthcare-facilities/): As we are now characterized by precision and efficiency, accurate time synchronization is of central importance in various industries, especially in healthcare, where every second counts...
- [Time Precision in Aviation](https://www.mobatime.com/technology/time-precision-in-aviation/): Accurate timekeeping has a significant impact on ground traffic and terminal coordination at airports. The coordination of ground vehicles, the movement of...
- [Advantages and disadvantages of NTP](https://www.mobatime.com/technology/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-ntp/): The advantages and disadvantages of NTP are notable; while it is celebrated for its reliability and accuracy, it also presents specific challenges.
- [Application areas of NTP](https://www.mobatime.com/technology/application-areas-of-ntp/): NTP is used in various areas to synchronize time data, which is crucial for punctuality and safety in rail transport, accuracy in medical facilities and consistency in educational institutions.
- [Áreas de aplicación de NTP](https://www.mobatime.com/technology/areas-de-aplicacion-de-ntp/): NTP se utiliza en diversos ámbitos para sincronizar los datos horarios, lo que resulta crucial para la puntualidad y la seguridad en el transporte ferroviario, la precisión en las instalaciones médicas y la coherencia en las instituciones educativas.
- [MOBATIME products are not affected by the vulnerability CVE-2024-3094](https://www.mobatime.com/products/ssh-security-vulnerability/): After a detailed analysis, we can confirm that none of the MOBATIME products are affected by the vulnerability CVE-2024-3094.
- [Advantages of the TCXO for applications](https://www.mobatime.com/technology/tcxo-applications/): TCXO means "Temperature-Compensated Crystal Oscillator" and is a type of crystal oscillator used...
- [Overview of oscillators](https://www.mobatime.com/technology/oscillator/): An oscillator is an oscillatory system that is used to generate a stable and accurate time base.
- [The Difference between SNTP and NTP](https://www.mobatime.com/technology/sntp-vs-ntp/): SNTP (Simple Network Time Protocol) and NTP (Network Time Protocol) are describing exactly the same network package format, the differences...
- [Time Change: Why it is made and how to remember it easily](https://www.mobatime.com/technology/time-change/): 🕑 Are you aware, Daylight Saving Time (DST) changeover is scheduled on 31.03.2023. 02:00 am UTC.
- [Precision Time Protocol (PTP)](https://www.mobatime.com/technology/ptp-precision-time-protocol/): PTP (Precision Time Protocol) is a protocol used to synchronize clocks throughout a packet-based network.
- [Network Time Protocol (NTP)](https://www.mobatime.com/technology/ntp-network-time-protocol/): NTP provides time synchronization over a packet-based network. It is very important to understand that it depends on the application of the application which protocol has to be selected.
- [Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP)](https://www.mobatime.com/technology/sntp-overview/): With the increasing spread of networks and cross-system processes, there was a need to find a standardized solution for synchronizing time...
- [The differences between PoE and PoE+](https://www.mobatime.com/technology/poe-definition/): Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a technology that makes it possible to transmit both data and electrical energy via...
- [NTP versions](https://www.mobatime.com/technology/ntp-versions/): Over the years, NTP has evolved considerably and it is interesting to see how it has developed from its first version to the current one...
- [IoT and NTP: A partnership for the future?](https://www.mobatime.com/technology/iot-and-ntp-relationship/): The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network of physical objects or devices that are embedded with sensors, software...
- [NTP Pool](https://www.mobatime.com/technology/ntp-pool/): The NTP pool is a worldwide system of voluntarily operated time servers that use the Network Time Protocol to provide precise time information.
- [Round Robin System](https://www.mobatime.com/technology/round-robin-system/): Round Robin is a simple load balancing method in which customer requests are forwarded evenly and sequentially to a group of servers...
- [The difference between NTP and PTP](https://www.mobatime.com/technology/difference-between-ntp-and-ptp/): Both, PTP and NTP provides time synchronization over a packet-based network. This article explains the working principle of both protocols and shows their differences.
- [What is an DDoS attack?](https://www.mobatime.com/technology/ddos-amplification-attack/): Learn about DNS amplification attacks, a DDoS technique that uses DNS resolvers to overwhelm targets with massive amounts of data

## Pages
- [Test](https://www.mobatime.com/abcde/): We will process your request immediately and contact you soon.
- [Get in touch](https://www.mobatime.com/get-in-touch/): Get in touch
- [Callback service](https://www.mobatime.com/callback-service/): Callback service
- [Welcome](https://www.mobatime.com/welcome/): MOBATIME not only offer high-precision time servers but also specialize in complete Solutions in the field of time and clock systems.
- [Industries](https://www.mobatime.com/industries/): Industries
- [Technology](https://www.mobatime.com/technology/): Technology
- [References](https://www.mobatime.com/references/): Explore our comprehensive references to find out more about the projects we've successfully completed.
- [Railways & Metros](https://www.mobatime.com/industries/rail/): SolutionsRailways & Metros
- [Airports & Air Traffic Control](https://www.mobatime.com/industries/airports/): SolutionsAirports & Air Traffic Control
- [Healthcare Facilities](https://www.mobatime.com/solutions/healthcare/): SolutionsHealthcare Facilities
- [Public Administrations](https://www.mobatime.com/industries/public-administrations/): SolutionsPublic Administrations
- [Sports and Leisure Facilities](https://www.mobatime.com/industries/sports-and-leisure-facilities/): IndustriesSports and Leisure Facilities
- [Schools & Universities](https://www.mobatime.com/industries/schools/): SolutionsSchools & Universities
- [Ships & Harbours](https://www.mobatime.com/industries/ships/): SolutionsShips & Harbours
- [Industrial Automations](https://www.mobatime.com/industries/industrial-automations/): SolutionsIndustrial Automations
- [IT Networks & Data Centers](https://www.mobatime.com/industries/it-networks-and-data-centers/): SolutionsIT Networks & Data Centers
- [Telecommunication](https://www.mobatime.com/industries/telecommunication/): SolutionsTelecommunication
- [Audio/Video & Broadcasting](https://www.mobatime.com/industries/audio-video-broadcasting/): SolutionsAudio/Video & Broadcasting
- [WiFi-Clocks ECO & FLEX](https://www.mobatime.com/solutions/wifi-clocks-eco-and-flex/): To receive and display the exact time via the WLAN network, our WiFi-Clocks need a connection to an NTP-Time Server that synchronizes the network clients. The Clock sends an NTP request to the configured NTP server and receives the time information in return over wireless communication.
- [Banks, Finance & Trading](https://www.mobatime.com/solutions/banks-finance-trading/): SolutionsBanks, Finance & Trading
- [Power Utility Industries](https://www.mobatime.com/solutions/power-utility-industry/): SolutionsPower Utility Industries
- [Homepage](https://www.mobatime.com/): Swiss quality and innovation are the foundations of the family-owned company Moser-Baer AG, which was founded in 1938. Practically all of our products are fully developed, designed, produced and tested in Switzerland under the MOBATIME brand. Tens of thousands of our systems are in use in transport, public buildings and industry around the world. Proximity to the customer and trust are more important than ever - particularly in these times of globalization and digitization.
- [Products](https://www.mobatime.com/products/): Time display, distribution, reference and synchronization products or custom solutions. Everything is fully developed, designed and produced in Switzerland.
- [Support](https://www.mobatime.com/support/): As our customer, you receive support in every phase of your project. From development of your solution throughout the entire service life of your system
- [Other resources](https://www.mobatime.com/support/other-resources/)
- [Downloads](https://www.mobatime.com/support/resources/)
- [About us](https://www.mobatime.com/about-us-mobatime/): We were founded 81 years ago as a family company, and have slowly grown into one of the most renowned centers of expertise for time systems in the world.
- [News Archive](https://www.mobatime.com/news-media/): Stay updated with the latest news about our company, our products and solutions, new case studies, events and other informations about MOBATIME.
- [Contact](https://www.mobatime.com/contact/): If you have any questions, please contact the appropriate contact person for your region and our specialists will be happy to advise you competently.
- [Impressum](https://www.mobatime.com/impressum/): Impressum of MOBATIME
- [General terms and conditions of sale and delivery](https://www.mobatime.com/general-terms-and-conditions-of-sale-and-delivery/): Impressum of MOBATIME
- [Privacy policy](https://www.mobatime.com/privacy-policy/): The protection of your personal data is important to us. In this data protection statement, we explain how we collect or process your personal data.
- [News archive](https://www.mobatime.com/news/)

## FAQs
- [Do MOBATIME time servers support IRNSS / NavIC?](https://www.mobatime.com/support/faq/do-mobatime-time-servers-support-irnss-navic/): Selected MOBATIME time servers can support IRNSS/NavIC L5 as an additional GNSS reception option.
- [How does IRNSS / NavIC compare with other GNSS systems?](https://www.mobatime.com/support/faq/how-does-irnss-navic-compare-with-other-gnss-systems/): IRNSS/NavIC is a regional satellite navigation system, while GPS, Galileo, GLONASS and BeiDou are global navigation satellite systems.
- [What is IRNSS / NavIC?](https://www.mobatime.com/support/faq/what-is-irnss-navic/): IRNSS stands for Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System. Today, the system is better known as NavIC, which means Navigation with Indian Constellation.
- [What is GIDAS Embedded and how does it enhance the security of MOBATIME time servers?](https://www.mobatime.com/support/faq/what-is-gidas-embedded-and-how-does-it-enhance-the-security-of-mobatime-time-servers/): GIDAS Embedded is a GNSS interference detection system developed by OHB Digital Solutions and integrated into selected MOBATIME time servers such as the DTS 4160c (Rubidium) and DTS 4210.timecenter. It continuously monitors the quality of received GNSS signals and detects threats like jamming or spoofing.
- [What is HSR (High-availability Seamless Redundancy)?](https://www.mobatime.com/support/faq/what-is-hsr-high-availability-seamless-redundancy/): HSR (High-availability Seamless Redundancy) is a fault-tolerant Ethernet protocol specified in IEC 62439-3, designed for applications where continuous data transmission is critical. It operates using a ring or mesh topology, where each node simultaneously sends duplicate Ethernet frames in both directions. This ensures that even if one link fails, the other path still delivers the data with zero recovery time, making HSR highly suitable for real-time, mission-critical systems such as substation automation, industrial control, and transportation.
- [What is PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol)?](https://www.mobatime.com/support/faq/what-is-prp-parallel-redundancy-protocol/): PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol) is a fault-tolerant Ethernet protocol defined in IEC 62439-3. It ensures zero recovery time by transmitting identical Ethernet frames simultaneously over two separate and independent LANs—referred to as LAN A and LAN B. Each PRP-capable device uses two network interfaces and remains fully operational even if one of the networks fails. The receiving device accepts the first-arriving frame and discards the duplicate, avoiding retransmissions or delays and maintaining uninterrupted communication.
- [What are PTP profiles?](https://www.mobatime.com/support/faq/what-are-ptp-profiles/): PTP profiles are standardized sets of configuration parameters tailored to specific industries or use cases. For example:
- [What is PTP (IEEE 1588)?](https://www.mobatime.com/support/faq/what-is-ptp-ieee-1588/): The Precision Time Protocol (PTP), defined by IEEE 1588, is a network protocol that synchronizes clocks throughout a network with sub-microsecond accuracy. It is critical in applications where precise timing is essential, such as energy systems, industrial automation, financial trading, and broadcasting. PTP achieves this high accuracy through hardware timestamping and delay compensation techniques.
- [Why is accurate Time important for CCTV (Video Surveillance) & Access Control?](https://www.mobatime.com/support/faq/why-is-time-important-for-cctv/): Almost all video surveillance recording for security and monitoring purposes is ultimately carried out to provide a visual and sometimes audible record of events. This can ultimately prove what happened. But in order to know exactly when something happened, it needs a reliable time.
- [Where to download MOBA-NMS software?](https://www.mobatime.com/support/faq/where-to-download-moba-nms-software/): You'll find it directly on the license web site - After entering the license number and filling out the registration form you will be able to download the license file and the newest MOBA-NMS software 32-bit or 64-bit version.
- [Do you need PTP or is NTP better suitable?](https://www.mobatime.com/support/faq/do-you-need-ptp-or-is-ntp-better-suitable/): Both, PTP and NTP provides time synchronization over a packet based network. But not both protocols are dedicated to the same application fields. It depends on the system’s needs, which of the protocol is preferred.
- [What is the difference between GNSS and GPS?](https://www.mobatime.com/support/faq/what-is-the-difference-between-gnss-and-gps/): GNSS stands for Global Navigation Satellite System, and is an umbrella term that encompasses all global satellite positioning systems. This includes several constellations of satellites orbiting over the earth’s surface and continuously transmitting signals providing an autonomous geo-spatial positioning with global coverage.
- [How do I get a valid MOBA-NMS license?](https://www.mobatime.com/support/faq/how-do-i-get-a-valid-moba-nms-license/): To get a valid license you need to order a MOBA license from us. As soon as we receive the request, we will send you a PDF including the license key. In the PDF you will find a link, which leads to a landing page of us, which asks you to enter the license key. As soon as you have entered the key, your license is activated.
- [What does the “Requests per second” key figure mean for the number of clients in the network that a time server can synchronize?](https://www.mobatime.com/support/faq/what-does-the-requests-per-second-key-figure-mean-for-the-number-of-clients-in-the-network-that-a-time-server-can-synchronize/): As a rule, NTP clients send a request packet every 64 seconds at most. With a device code of 100 “requests per second”, 6,400 NTP clients could already be synchronized in the network. For example, if you use the DTS 4160 time server with 10,000 "requests per second", there are even 640,000 clients that could be synchronized with this type of time server in the network. Since more current NTP versions increase the polling interval by a factor of 16 with stable time synchronization, this results in an even greater number of possible NTP end devices. One should therefore take this fact into account when selecting the device specification that is really necessary for the specific need. For larger networks, it is also common that hierarchical time server structures - consisting of several network segments or levels, each with an assigned time server - are created. In this way, the time servers of the lower level always synchronize to the higher level right down to the central time server. This central time server typically has the highest performance features and is often redundant.
- [What is a stratum level for time server structures?](https://www.mobatime.com/support/faq/what-is-a-stratum-level-for-time-server-structures/): Such considerations are important for hierarchically structured time server structures. The stratum level “0” always refers to the time server on the top level, which functions as the reference time source of the overall system, for example, by means of exact DCF / GPS synchronization. The level below, along with the time servers located there - which in turn synchronize themselves to level "0" - is given the stratum level "1" accordingly. Levels further below therefore add up the stratum level “n + 1”. As a rule, a maximum of 16 stratum levels are defined.
- [How to perform the initial commissioning of a DTS device (without DHCP)?](https://www.mobatime.com/support/faq/5739/): Our tutorial videos will help you with the procedure for commissioning a DTS device in a network without dynamic IP address assignment DHCP. You will be shown how to make the settings on the DTS device and how to assign the IP address.
- [What is Leap Seconds and what is its technical significance?](https://www.mobatime.com/support/faq/what-is-leap-seconds-and-what-is-its-technical-significance/): Most of the time zones in the world are based on "Coordinated Universal Time" (UTC, international time standard). However, the earth's rotation is not as regular and minimally smaller than when this standard was defined. For this reason, so-called "leap seconds" are inserted into the UTC scale from time to time. Since the earth's natural rotation is not perfectly constant, the insertion of leap seconds is done as needed and according to no fixed pattern. Leap seconds are determined in such a case by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Service (IERS). However, the responsible state institution is usually accountable for the official time of a particular country.
- [What is it about DTS time servers communicating via an “optical link” with a redundant structure?](https://www.mobatime.com/support/faq/what-is-it-about-dts-time-servers-communicating-via-an-optical-link-with-a-redundant-structure/): With a redundant structure, the DTS devices are equipped to communicate with each other and to carry out a permanent time comparison. This adjustment is necessary in order to compensate for technically unavoidable differences in the quartz drift of the two devices by means of software trimming. If one did not carry out this adjustment, the theoretically possible failure of the DCF / GPS synchronization and “free running mode” (in practice not perceived in part immediately) would run the risk of a defect in the first time server and the subsequent switchover A corresponding time jump occurs on DTS time server No. 2 in the network. However, such leaps in time are generally undesirable in IT networks, since they cause an undefined state and instability. In order not to be dependent on the IT network itself,
- [What mechanisms are there at the DTS device level to safely deal with these leap seconds?](https://www.mobatime.com/support/faq/what-mechanisms-are-there-at-the-dts-device-level-to-safely-deal-with-these-leap-seconds/): There are basically two ways to take the leap second into account in your own IT time system. The first solution (DTS4160, DTS4210) is that the leap second is automatically read in via the GPS receiver and the time server can implement this in the NTP time stamp that is output. The background to this device automatism is that the GPS satellite operators usually take the IERS specification into account accordingly, which is guaranteed by advance notice and the actual leap second itself. Only on the basis of both components can GPS receivers and time servers process the leap second correctly and at exactly the right time and also implement it in terms of system technology.
- [What is the typical response time when a client requests the time from a DTS device?](https://www.mobatime.com/support/faq/what-is-the-typical-response-time-when-a-client-requests-the-time-from-a-dts-device/): Typically it is < 1ms, when the network and the number of client requests per second is not taken into consideration.
- [Calculation of heat dissipation for master clocks?](https://www.mobatime.com/support/faq/calculation-of-heat-dissipation-for-master-clocks/): For the calculation of the heat dissipation you need the power dissipation (Pd) of the device. Unfortunately this value is usually not available in the technical data of the devices. But you can calculate an approximate value when you have the max. power consumption of the device.
- [NTP Network Bandwidth for synchronization?](https://www.mobatime.com/support/faq/ntp-network-bandwidth-for-synchronization/): NTP is working with UDP packets.
- [Why do you need your own NTP server although there are NTP servers available on the internet?](https://www.mobatime.com/support/faq/why-does-my-windows-time-service-w32time-not-synchronize-with-my-ntp-server/): Because NTP is based on UTC which does not have a daylight savings time period, a switchover is not necessary inside the NTP system. The operation systems of servers and clients are solely responsible for switching from/to DST...
- [What is the difference between NTP and SNTP?](https://www.mobatime.com/support/faq/how-does-ntp-handle-the-daylight-savings-time-switchovers/): Because NTP is based on UTC which does not have a daylight savings time period, a switchover is not necessary inside the NTP system. The operation systems of servers and clients are solely responsible for switching from/to DST...
- [Why does my Windows Time Service not synchronize with my NTP Server?](https://www.mobatime.com/support/faq/windows-time-service/): Because NTP is based on UTC which does not have a daylight savings time period, a switchover is not necessary inside the NTP system. The operation systems of servers and clients are solely responsible for switching from/to DST...
- [What does PTP mean, will it replace the NTP procedure in the future?](https://www.mobatime.com/support/faq/how-can-i-setup-an-ntp-cluster-for-the-network-clients/): Because NTP is based on UTC which does not have a daylight savings time period, a switchover is not necessary inside the NTP system. The operation systems of servers and clients are solely responsible for switching from/to DST...

## Products
- [METRO](https://www.mobatime.com/product/metro/): The Metro outdoor clock has been used by various Swiss railway companies for decades. Thanks to its robust construction and a large number of different movements, it has proven itself to this day.
- [DSC](https://www.mobatime.com/product/dsc-series/): DSC Series is a multifunctional digital outdoor clock. With its versatile combinations in height and number of digits, the clock meets most requirements for conventional applications.
- [Ship Time Control (STC) Panel](https://www.mobatime.com/product/stc/): The MOBATime Ship Time Control (STC) Panel is a touch screen operation terminal designed for ships. It provides an easy-to-use user interface for the local time adjustment of the entire ship time system. Together with MOBATime DTS / NTS devices the local time is set by simple plus / minus buttons.
- [Ship Time Control (STC) Application](https://www.mobatime.com/product/stc-ship-time-control-application/): The MOBATime Ship Time Control (STC) Application is a simple graphical user interface designed for ships. The STC Microsoft Windows application provides an easy-to-use user interface for the local time adjustment of the entire ship time system. Together with MOBATime DTS / NTS devices the local time is set by simple plus / minus buttons.
- [TBU 190](https://www.mobatime.com/product/tbu-190/): IRIG / AFNOR movement for the display of hours and minutes or hours, minutes, and seconds. For illuminated and non-illuminated clocks up to Ø 80 cm with transparent and non-transparent dials. All types with central nut fixing.
- [IBU 190](https://www.mobatime.com/product/ibu-190/): Impulse movement for the display of hours and minutes or hours, minutes, and seconds. For illuminated and non-illuminated clocks up to Ø 80 cm with transparent and non-transparent dials. All types with central nut fixing.
- [SU 190](https://www.mobatime.com/product/su-190/): Serial movement for the display of hours and minutes or hours, minutes, and seconds. For illuminated and non-illuminated clocks up to Ø 80 cm with transparent and non-transparent dials. All types with central nut fixing.
- [BU 190](https://www.mobatime.com/product/bu-190/): DCF 77 movement for the display of hours and minutes or hours, minutes, and seconds. For illuminated and non-illuminated clocks up to Ø 80 cm with transparent and non-transparent dials. All types with central nut fixing.
- [ADU 190](https://www.mobatime.com/product/adu-190/): DCF active movement for the display of hours and minutes or hours, minutes, and seconds. For illuminated and non-illuminated clocks up to Ø 80 cm with transparent and non-transparent dials. All types with central nut fixing.
- [ATBU / ITBU 190](https://www.mobatime.com/product/atbu-itbu-190/): IRIG / AFNOR movement for the display of hours and minutes or hours, minutes, and seconds. For illuminated and non-illuminated clocks up to Ø 80 cm with transparent and non-transparent dials. All types with central nut fixing.
- [GNSS 4500](https://www.mobatime.com/product/gnss-4500/): New generation of multi-satellite time signal receivers - GNSS 4500 is designed as an all-in-one device, i.e. antenna and receiver module are both located in the high-quality outdoor housing (IP 65).
- [DCF 4500](https://www.mobatime.com/product/dcf-4500/): The DCF 4500 continuously receives time information from the Europe-wide DCF signal. It accurately synchronizes with atomic clock radio time signals broadcast by the long-wave transmitter DCF 77, ensuring reliable time information both day and night.
- [Multi Signal Converter (MSC)](https://www.mobatime.com/product/multi-signal-converter/): The Multi Signal Converter (MSC) is a versatile signal converter and distributor engineered for high-performance synchronization systems. Designed for DIN rail mounting, the MSC seamlessly converts and distributes a range of signal types—from current loop DCF signals to TTL/RS422. There is even a variant which provides optional fiber optic in- and output —ensuring robust, reliable operation in critical applications.
- [External Changeover Unit for ETC and DTS devices](https://www.mobatime.com/product/external-changeover-unit-for-etc-and-dtc-devices/): The External Change Over Unit ECO is a high-reliability changeover module designed for redundant master clock systems—including ETC 24R, DTS480x, DTS4135 and other DTS devices. It continuously monitors critical alarm and power signals from two master clocks and automatically switches peripheral functions to ensure seamless time synchronization.
- [PDC-ETC](https://www.mobatime.com/product/pdc-etc/): PDC-ETC – Portable Data Carrier for ETC is the easy way to download switch programs to the MOBALine master clock ETC
- [Airport24](https://www.mobatime.com/product/airport24-wireless-time-distribution/): The wireless MOBATIME AirPort24 technology offers a professional solution wherever a wired clock system cannot be used and/or cannot be extended and the use of individual DCF77 radio clocks is ruled out due to poor reception conditions.
- [DC](https://www.mobatime.com/product/dc-series/): The models of the digital indoor clock DC series offer concentrated technology in a very slim housing and surprise with many functions and design variants. The customizable display and many technical possibilities enable the right solution for every application situation.
- [DC.20](https://www.mobatime.com/product/dc-20/): DC.20 digital clock, intended to be used indoors. The clock meets the requirements of the majority of conventional applications in radio and TV studios, PBX, conference shelves and other. The digital indoor clock DC.20 Series is available in a rack and panel mount version.
- [ECO-M-DC](https://www.mobatime.com/product/eco-m-dc-series/): The Digital indoor clock ECO-M-DC series is a elegant and very slim digital clocks for displaying time and date. High protection degree IP54 as standard for all versions. 7-segment LED display of high luminance provide for excellent readability from various angles of view.
- [DTS 4020.timebridge](https://www.mobatime.com/product/dts-4020/): DTS 4020 serves as an interface between the IEEE1588 protocol (multicast slave clock / PTP slave) supplied across a packet network to traditional serial Time-of-Day (ToD), 1PPS, 10MHz and IRIG B signals or NTP client in a PTP / NTP network.
- [ECO-DC](https://www.mobatime.com/product/eco-dc-series/): The ECO-DC series are digital clocks in 7-segment LED technique at an economical price, designed in an elegant and slim case, for time, date, or alternating time/date display.
- [SLH-DC](https://www.mobatime.com/product/slh-dc-series/): Build for unique Requirements. The model SLH-DC series is optimally suited for the use in operating theaters, clean room environments, chemical plants, laboratories, swimming and fitness centers, as well as the food and beverage industry, canteen kitchens etc.
- [ECO-SLH-DC](https://www.mobatime.com/product/eco-slh-dc/): The ECO-SLH-DC series are optimally suited for use in operating rooms, clean room environments, chemical plants, labs, swimming and fitness centres, as well as in the food and beverage industry, canteen, kitchens, etc.
- [DTS 4135.timeserver](https://www.mobatime.com/product/dts-4135/): DTS 4135 is a time reference for all NTP clients in medium and large networks (IPv4/IPv6). It is highly precise, and with its intelligent concept for redundant operation, it offers a high degree of reliability and availability.
- [DTS 4163.grandmaster](https://www.mobatime.com/product/dts-4163-grandmaster/): The DTS 4163.grandmaster is a PTP grandmaster specifically designed for digital substations according to IEC 61850. With its high precision and seamless redundant operation, it offers a high degree of reliability and availability.
- [DTS 4160.grandmaster](https://www.mobatime.com/product/dts-4160/): DTS 4160 is a combined time distribution and synchronization device with up to 4 network ports (IPv4/IPv6). It provides a time reference for PTP and NTP clients. With its high-precision and intelligent concept for redundant operation, it offers a high degree of reliability and availability
- [Facade Clocks](https://www.mobatime.com/product/facade-clocks/): Advertising clocks, large-size clocks, and facade clocks are more than just a mere public display of time. As artistic objects of design, they attract the attention of people, bring cityscapes to life, gracing facades, and enriching the atmosphere of a variety of buildings.
- [MOBA-NMS (Network Management Software)](https://www.mobatime.com/product/moba-nms/): Configuration, monitoring and administration of your entire time system - including master and slave clocks. This is the must-have of managing time systems - and MOBATIME offers the solution: MOBA-NMS is a Network Management System. Manage all MOBATIME network devices in an entire Ethernet network on one platform.
- [Switch Editor Basic](https://www.mobatime.com/product/switch-editor-basic/): With the basic version of Switch Editor, switching programs for MOBATIME devices such as DTS 480x masteclock, KR 461/465 or ETC for example, can be defined with simple and familiar tools (similar to outlook calendar).
- [GNSS 3000](https://www.mobatime.com/product/gnss-3000/): The GNSS 3000 is a time signal receiver intended for receiving time signals from navigation satellites. It can receive and process GLONASS and GPS signals. With this high precise time source as reference, the GNSS 3000 is designed to be a synchronization source for master clocks and time servers.
- [Network Programmable Relay NPR](https://www.mobatime.com/product/network-programmable-relay-npr/): The NPR is a network-compatible, NTP-synchronized week timer used to set different switch times individually for every day of the week. The week program for the switch times can be easily created on a PC and uploaded to the NPR via network interface.
- [Relais programmable en réseau NPR](https://www.mobatime.com/product/relais-programmable-en-reseau-npr/): Le NPR est un programmateur hebdomadaire compatible avec le réseau et synchronisé avec le protocole NTP, qui permet de régler individuellement différentes heures de commutation pour chaque jour de la semaine. Le programme hebdomadaire pour les heures de commutation peut être facilement créé sur un PC et téléchargé vers le NPR via l'interface réseau.
- [MOBALine Switch Relay KR461](https://www.mobatime.com/product/mobaline-switch-relays/): The SWITCH channel relay KR 461 is an additional functional unit that can be controlled by MOBALine. This relay unit with signaling and switching circuits is installed on a decentralized basis right on the spot where it is needed. An optical status indication facilitates checking.
- [NMI (Network MOBALine Interface)](https://www.mobatime.com/product/nmi-network-mobaline-interface/): The product for the fusion of NTP and MOBALine technology is the Network MOBALine Interface. Its interfacing characteristics help to combine NTP and MOBALine installation and to benefit from the advantages of both technologies.
- [Time Code Converters](https://www.mobatime.com/product/time-code-converters/): This Interface converts MOBALine into DCF 77 time code (current loop or open collector). Their small outlines make them easy to mount even in restricted areas.
- [DTS 2340.IRIG Distributor](https://www.mobatime.com/product/dts-2340-irig-distributor/): The DTS 2340.IRIG Distributor is a signal distributor for modulated (AF) and unmodulated (digital) IRIG-B signals. The distributor consists of two identical lines which operate independently of each other.
- [DTS 2345.Serial Distributor](https://www.mobatime.com/product/dts-2345-serial-distributor/): The DTS 2345.Serial Distributor is a signal distributor for serial interfaces (RS 232 and RS 422). The distributor consists of two identical lines which operate independently of each other.
- [DTS 2390.DCF Distributor](https://www.mobatime.com/product/dts-2390-dcf-distributor/): The DTS 2390.DCF Distributor is a distributor for DCF 77 signals (unmodulated). The current loop input is distributed to five current loop outputs. The device is a redundant system containing two identical systems.
- [MOBALine-Booster](https://www.mobatime.com/product/mobaline-booster/): The MOBALine-Booster is a device for the amplification of MOBALine signals. Extensions of more than 1000 meters and with approximately 70 additional clocks are achievable. Existing installations can easily be extended without the need for an additional master clock
- [Impulse Booster](https://www.mobatime.com/product/impulse-booster/): The Impulse Booster is a device for the amplification of impulse signals or line voltage transforming. Clock line extensions of more than 1000 meters and with approximately 100 additional clocks are achievable. Existing installation can easily be extended without the need for an additional master clock
- [NCC V1 – Network Clock Controller](https://www.mobatime.com/product/clock-controllers-ncc-v1/): The Network Clock Controller (NCC) provides comprehensive control and monitoring of clock movements, lighting, and lighting intensity, as well as the operating modes of the second and minute hands, through the MOBA-NMS software.
- [NCC V2 – Network Clock Controller](https://www.mobatime.com/product/ncc-v2-network-clock-controller/): The NCC V2 is a network interface for single- or double-sided clocks. It provides a cyber secure network connection including a web interface, which allows the clock to be synchronized via NTP. Inside the clocks it controls and monitors up to two movements, the LED illumination and optionally a connected impact sensor.
- [DCC – DCF Clock Controller](https://www.mobatime.com/product/dcc-dcf-clock-controller/): The DCF Clock Controller (DCC) is the low priced solution for the automation of the clock illumination and control via DCF or MOBALine.
- [SAM/SEM 100](https://www.mobatime.com/product/sam-sem-100-cc/): The SAM/SEM 100 is a modern high-quality movement for precise time display (SAM 100(t): h/min; SEM 100(t): h/min/s). Two powerful motors move hands for clocks up to Ø 100 cm. The SAM/SEM 100 movements can be controlled using MOBALine or DCF active time code. More signals are possible with a clock controller set.
- [GU 192](https://www.mobatime.com/product/gu-192-2/): Robust, self-setting, modular movement for outdoor clocks. Model 192 used for non-translucent dials, 192t for translucent dials. Autonomous operation for more than 6 years with exchangeable lithium battery. Worldwide use and time display accurate to the second due to the synchronization to the time reference of GPS (Global Positioning System).
- [SAN 40 / SEN 40](https://www.mobatime.com/product/san-40-sen-40/): Multifunctional and maintenance-free NTP movements for indoor and outdoor clocks up to Ø 40 cm. The SAN 40 movement is available with hour and minute hands whereas the SEN 40 has an additional second hand. Both movements are self-setting and powered via PoE.
- [SAN 40 / SEN 40](https://www.mobatime.com/product/san-40-sen-40/): Movimientos NTP multifuncionales y sin mantenimiento para relojes de interior y exterior de hasta Ø 40 cm. El movimiento SAN 40 está disponible con agujas de horas y minutos, mientras que el SEN 40 tiene un segundero adicional. Ambos movimientos son autoajustables y se alimentan a través de PoE.
- [FU 192](https://www.mobatime.com/product/fu-192/): FU 192 is a modular, state-of-the-art movement for indoor and outdoor clocks (with or without illumination) up to Ø 80 cm, for hour and minute display. Execution 192 for non-transparent dials, 192t for transparent dials.
- [Floral Clocks](https://www.mobatime.com/product/floral-clocks/): Floral Clocks are a decorative way of displaying time in public places, parks, and gardens. Available for diameters from 2.5 meters up to 7 meters.
- [NU 90](https://www.mobatime.com/product/nu-90/): Minute impulse movement for indoor and outdoor clocks up to Ø 80 cm. Impulse voltage adjustable by DIP switch.

## Glossary
- [IRNSS / NavIC](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/irnss-navic/): IRNSS stands for Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System. The system is better known today as NavIC, short for Navigation with Indian Constellation.
- [Red Box (Redunancy Box)](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/red-box-redunancy-box/): A Red Box (short for Redundancy Box) is a device used in PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol) and HSR (High-availability Seamless Redundancy) networks to enable redundant communication for nodes that do not natively support these protocols. Red Boxes act as gateways, allowing single-attached nodes (SANs) to participate in a redundant network by duplicating outgoing frames and filtering incoming ones from parallel network paths.
- [Time of Day (ToD)](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/time-of-day-tod/): Time of Day (ToD) refers to the representation of absolute time, typically including hours, minutes, seconds, and the corresponding date—also known as "wall clock time." In network synchronization contexts, ToD is used for time-stamping events such as the arrival or departure of packets at a network interface. It is essential for accurate event logging, diagnostics, and precise time alignment in protocols like PTP (Precision Time Protocol).ToD can be maintained and distributed across systems to support time-aware applications, with common implementations using 64-bit or 96-bit formats depending on the synchronization role (e.g., transparent, ordinary, or boundary clocks).
- [GIDAS Embedded](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/gidas-embedded/): GIDAS Embedded (GNSS Interference Detection and Analysis System) is a GNSS signal integrity monitoring solution developed by OHB Digital Solutions. It is available as a licensed feature in selected MOBATIME time servers, including the DTS 4160c and DTS 4210.timecenter.
- [IEC 61850](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/iec-61850/): IEC 61850 is an international standard for communication protocols used by intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) in electrical substations. Developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), it enables efficient and interoperable data exchange for power system automation. The standard defines abstract data models that can be mapped to protocols such as MMS (Manufacturing Message Specification), GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented System Event), and SV (Sampled Values). These protocols typically operate over TCP/IP or Ethernet networks to meet fast response requirements—often below four milliseconds—especially for protection and control functions.
- [IEC 62439-3](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/iec-62439-3/): IEC 62439-3 is an international standard that defines two redundancy protocols for Ethernet networks—PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol) and HSR (High-availability Seamless Redundancy). Both protocols ensure seamless communication with zero recovery time in the event of a network failure. PRP connects devices to two independent networks for redundancy, while HSR connects two-port (or multi-port) devices in a ring or mesh, enabling uninterrupted data flow.
- [DST](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/dst/): Daylight Saving Time (DST) is the practice of setting the clocks forward one hour from standard time during the summer months, and back again in the fall, in order to make better use of natural daylight.
- [MiFiD ||](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/mifid/): MiFID II is the commonly used acronym for the revision of the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (2004/39/EC) adopted in 2007, commonly known as MiFID I (Markets in Financial Instruments Directive).
- [LAN](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/lan/): LAN stands for Local Area Network and describes a network that is limited in its spatial extent to a local area.
- [WAN](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/wan/): A wide area network is a communications network that is geographically distributed. The term characterizes a broader communication structure that differs from a LAN (Local Area Network).
- [DTS](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/dts/): DTS is referred to as Distributed Time System. The functionalities are distributed in individual devices, these devices mounted where the time signal is needed for the application. The DTS concept with the possibility to use DTS devices in a combination or individually allows a flexible and cost-effective solution for different applications.
- [SNTP](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/sntp/): Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) is a simplified version of Network Time Protocol (NTP) that is used to synchronize computer clocks on a network. This simplified version of NTP is generally used when full implementation of NTP is not needed.
- [ePRTC
(Precision Reference time clock)](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/eprtcprecision-reference-time-clock/): An ePRTC is an autonomous source of time that uses one or two co-located atomic clocks to provide the required performance for both time and frequency, even when connection to GNSS is lost. Key attributes of an ePRTC include the following:
•The ePRTC supports a high level of accuracy (Accurate to within 30 ns or better when verified against the applicable primary time standard, such as UTC) and is subject to more stringent output performance requirements when compared to today’s PRTC systems.
• An ePRTC is an autonomous source of time that uses one or two co-located atomic clocks to provide therequired performance for both time and frequency, even when connection to GNSS is lost.
• An ePRTC delivers a higher level of operational reliability to ensure operators can maintain required time and frequency service performance for long periods regardless of the availability of GNSS.
- [Server Redundancy](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/server-redundancy/): Two time servers are used in redundant mode to icrease the availability and reach a high level of reliability
- [Slave Clock](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/slave-clock/): A slave clock is a hardware device that typically depends on a master clock for accurate time. A number of slave clocks synchronize with a master clock to provide a display of accurate time. Slave clocks typically communicate on a clock network. The clock network can either be a simple wired serial network, a wired pulse signal or a more complex Ethernet network.
- [SNMP](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/snmp/): Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an Internet Standard protocol for collecting and organizing information about managed devices on IP networks and for modifying that information to change device behavior.
- [Static IP Address](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/static-ip-address/): A static IP address is simply an address that doesn't change. Once your device is assigned a static IP address, that number typically stays the same until the device is decommissioned or your network architecture changes. Static IP addresses generally are used by servers or other important equipment.
- [Stratum](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/stratum/): Stratum 0 means a device is directly connected to e.g., a GPS antenna. Stratum 0 devices cannot distribute time over a network directly, though, hence they must be linked to a Stratum 1 time server that will distribute time to Stratum 2 servers or clients, and so on. The higher the Stratum number, the more the timing accuracy and stability degrades.
- [TCXO](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/tcxo/): A TCXO (Temperature compensated crystal oscillator) is a crystal oscillator with a temperature-sensitive reactance circuit in its oscillation loop to compensate the frequency-temperature characteristics inherent to the crystal unit.
- [Time server](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/time-server/): A time server is a type of network server which transmits precise time information to its network clients, by using a definite protocol. A time server can be a dedicated server, whose single purpose is to provide accurate time. Sometimes it can also be a multi-purpose network server to which the time distribution function can be added.
- [Time Signal Transmitter](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/time-signal-transmitter/): Time signal transmitters are used to transmit the time code in particullar area
- [TSN](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/tsn/): TSN is a set of standards under development by the Time-Sensitive Networking task group of the IEEE 802.1 working group. TSN is an extension to standard Ethernet. Time-Sensitive Networking is a set of IEEE 802 standards that make Ethernet deterministic by default. It is a new technology that sits on Layer 2 of the ISO/OSI Model and adds definitions to guarantee determinism and throughput in Ethernet networks.
- [PRTC](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/prtc/): The primary reference time clock (PRTC) located in core centers provides reference time and phase synchronization signal traceable to a recognized time standard UTC(*) for other clocks within the telecommunication networks. As packet timing requirements emerged, ITU-T developed the primary reference time clock (PRTC) standard to include the requirements for time and phase for transport over a packet network. Recommendation ITU-T G.8272/Y.1367 specifies the requirements for primary reference time clocks (PRTCs) suitable for time, phase and frequency synchronization in packet networks. It defines the error allowed at the time output of the PRTC.
This Recommendation defines two types of PRTCs, PRTC-A and PRTC-B. The time output of PRTC-B is more accurate than that of PRTC-A.
Under normal, locked operating conditions, the time output of the PRTC-A, or the combined PRTC-A and T-GM function, should be accurate to within 100 ns or better when verified against the applicable primary time standard (e.g., UTC).
Under normal, locked operating conditions, the time output of the PRTC-B, or the combined PRTC-B and T-GM function, should be accurate to within 40 ns or better when verified against the applicable primary time standard (e.g., UTC).
- [ePRC
(enhanced Precision Reference clock)](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/eprcenhanced-precision-reference-clock/): ITU-T G.811.1 outlines the requirements for enhanced primary reference clocks (ePRCs) suitable for frequency synchronization. These requirements apply under normal environmental conditions specified for the equipment.
The ePRC provides the reference signal for the timing or synchronization of other clocks within a network or section of a network. In particular, the ePRC in its autonomous form can provide a frequency input to an enhanced primary reference time clock (ePRTC). This Recommendation defines the ePRC output, but it does not apply to the output of a slave clock directly fed by an ePRC. The long-term accuracy of the ePRC should be maintained at 1 part in 10^12 or better, with verification to coordinated universal time (UTC). An ePRC may be realized as an autonomous clock, operating independently of other sources. Alternatively, the ePRC may be realized as a non-autonomous clock which is disciplined by UTC-derived precision signals received from a radio or satellite system. In either case, the requirements for long-term accuracy and short-term stability, as specified in this Recommendation, apply.
- [PRC
(Precision Reference clock)](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/prcprecision-reference-clock/): A typical PRC provides the reference signal for the timing or synchronization of other clocks within a network or section of a network. In particular, the PRC can also provide the reference signal to the slave clock specified in Recommendation ITU-T G.812 within the network nodes where the PRC is located.
ITU-T G.811 recommendation outlines minimum requirements for timing devices used as primary reference clocks in synchronization networks. These networks include public switched telephone networks (PSTNs) and synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) networks.
The long-term accuracy of the PRC should be maintained at 1 part in 10^11 or better with verification to coordinated universal time (UTC). A PRC may be realized as an autonomous clock, operating independently of other sources.
- [SyncE
(Synchronous Ethernet)](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/syncesynchronous-ethernet/): SyncE is a physical layer based synchronization implementation for packet networks requiring frequency synchronization. SyncE was standardized by the ITU-T, in cooperation with IEEE, as three recommendations:
1. ITU-T Rec. G.8261 that defines aspects about the architecture and the wander performance of SyncE networks
2. ITU-T Rec. G.8262 that specifies Synchronous Ethernet clocks for SyncE
3. ITU-T Rec. G.8264 that describes the specification of Ethernet Synchronization Messaging Channel (ESMC)
- [Wi-Fi](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/wi-fi/): Wi-Fi is a wireless networking technology that allows devices such as computers (laptops and desktops), mobile devices (smart phones and wearables), and other equipment (printers and video cameras) to interface with the Internet. It allows these devices--and many more--to exchange information with one another, creating a network.
There Are two frequency bands in WiFi, 2.4Ghz & 5.0 GHz.
The 2.4 GHz frequency of the wifi router offers the wifi user a wide coverage area and is better at penetrating solid objects with a maximum speed of 150 Mbps.
The 5 GHz frequency facilitates the customer with a higher data range with negligible interference and offers a great deal when it comes to the internet speeds for wifi for home.
- [UTC](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/utc/): Coordinated Universal Time or UTC is the primary time standard by which the world regulates clocks and time.
- [Unicast](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/unicast/): In computer networking, unicast is a one-to-one transmission from one point in the network to another point; that is, one sender and one receiver, each identified by a network address. Unicast is in contrast to multicast and broadcast which are one-to-many transmissions.
- [PoE Injector](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/poe-injector/): A PoE injector connects your PoE-enabled network device to a non-PoE LAN switch port. More specifically, a PoE injector can be used to connect any IEEE 802.3af/at-powered device to a network switch.
- [PoE (Power-over-Ethernet)](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/poe-power-over-ethernet/): Power over Ethernet, or PoE, describes any of several standards or ad hoc systems that pass electric power along with data on twisted-pair Ethernet cabling. This allows a single cable to provide both data connection and electric power to devices such as MOBAtime Network clocks, wireless access points (WAPs), Internet Protocol (IP) cameras, and voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) phones.
- [crystal oscillator](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/crystal-oscillator/): the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal or piezoelectric material is used to create an electrical signal at a precise frequency. Based on this frequency it provides a stable clock signal for the connected application such as microcontrollers or signal transmitters.
- [OCXO](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/ocxo/): The OCXO, Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator is able to provide exceedingly high levels of temperature stability.
- [NTP Server](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/ntp-server/): A NTP Server makes the current time available in a network using the Network Time Protocol.
- [NTP](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/ntp/): The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a networking protocol for clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks. NTP is intended to synchronize all participating computers to within a few milliseconds of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
It uses the intersection algorithm, a modified version of Marzullo's algorithm, to select accurate time servers and is designed to mitigate the effects of variable network latency. NTP can usually maintain time to within tens of milliseconds over the public Internet, and can achieve better than one millisecond accuracy in local area networks under ideal conditions
- [NMEA](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/nmea/): National Marine Electronics Association, NMEA is a standard data format supported by all GPS manufacturers.
- [NIST](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/nist/): National Institute of Standards and Technology, is an agency in the United States for technology, measurements and standards. It was originally called the "National Bureau of Standards" (NBS).
- [Self setting clock](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/self-setting-clock/): Slave clocks that are able to set their own time according to the reference signal
- [PoE Switch](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/poe-switch/): A switch is a device that allows devices on a network to communicate. A PoE switch has the Power over Ethernet functionality built into it. This means you can power devices using network cables. A PoE switch provides power that can be used to run other devices via the Ethernet cabling.
- [PoE+](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/poe/): PoE+ technology (IEEE 802.3at standard) is an upgrade of PoE technology.
Similar to a PoE network switch, the PoE plus switch also supplies power over two pairs, but it adds an additional power class that is able to deliver power up to 25.5W for a powered device with a voltage range from 42.5V to 57V
- [PPM (Pulse-per-Minute)](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/ppm-pulse-per-minute/): Synchronization Pulse which is generated once per minute (PPM).
- [RS485 Communication](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/rs485-communication/): RS-485 allows multiple devices (up to 32) to communicate at half-duplex on a single pair of wires, plus a ground wire (more on that later), at distances up to 1200 meters (4000 feet)
A 485 network can be configured two ways, "two-wire" or "four-wire." In a "two-wire" network the transmitter and receiver of each device are connected to a twisted pair. "Four-wire" networks have one master port with the transmitter connected to each of the "slave" receivers on one twisted pair. The "slave" transmitters are all connected to the "master" receiver on a second twisted pair.
- [RS-232](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/rs-232/): A serial port complying with the RS-232 standard (Electronic Industries Association EIA standard RS-232-C) was once a standard feature of many types of computers. Now, this interface is outdated in consumer electronics, but it is still widely used in embeded and industrial applications.
- [Redundant Link](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/redundant-link/): Redundant link is an optical link between two mobatime PTP/NTP servers for redundancy. In this configuration they work out the master/slave role among themselves. The slave supervises the system time on the basis of its own GNSS time and generates an error message, should the time difference amount exceed the configurable value of n nanoseconds. The devices can either be colocated or they are at different location.
- [PTP Profile](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/ptp-profile/): A PTP-profile is a selection of optional features and attribute values. The purpose of a profile is to set restrictions on the possible PTP attributes to simplify the interoperability between different PTP devices in a certain application. Example for profiles are: Default E2E, Default P2P, Power Utility, ITU-T profiles, etc.
- [PTP](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/ptp/): PTP, also known as IEEE 1588v2, is a packet-based technology that enables the operator to deliver synchronization services on packet-based mobile backhaul networks. IEEE 1588 PTP (Version 2) clock synchronization standard is a highly precise protocol for time synchronization that synchronizes clocks in a distributed system. The time synchronization is achieved through packets that are transmitted and received in a session between a primary clock (Master) and a client clock(Slave).
- [PTB (Germany)](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/ptb-germany/): The Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) (Federal Standards Laboratory), Braunschweig and Berlin, is the nature and engineer-scientific agency and technical upper authority of the Federal Republic of Germany for measurement and for physical safety engineering.
- [HSR (High-availability Seamless Redundancy)](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/hsr-high-availability-seamless-redundancy/): High-availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR) is an Ethernet-based network protocol standard that provides seamless failover by sending identical frames in both directions within a ring topology. The redundancy is transparent to applications and ensures zero recovery time. HSR nodes have two ports and are directly connected to their neighboring nodes, forming a closed path where each node forwards frames in both directions.
- [PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol)](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/prp/): Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) is a network protocol standard for Ethernet that provides seamless failover against failure of any network component. This redundancy is invisible to the application. PRP nodes have two ports and are attached to two separated networks of similar topology.
- [PPS (Pulse-per-Second)](https://www.mobatime.com/support/glossary/pps-pulse-per-second/): A pulse per second (PPS or 1PPS) is an electrical signal that has a width of less than one second and a sharply rising or abruptly falling edge that accurately repeats once per second.